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The number of electric scooters on the streets is growing daily. While the manual version was once the privy of young children, the electric scooter system is what is dedicated for grownups who love to get to work neat & excited!
But how does an electric scooter work? What goes into these urban travel vehicles in order to move the wheels, brake, or even make them turn? If you are interested in learning how an electric scooter works, you’ve come to the right place
In this definitive guide to e-scooters, we will shed light on how an electric scooter works. We'll talk you through the vital components and the respective roles they each play in making your electric scooter the miraculous feat of engineering it is.
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Vital Components of Electric Scooter System
When an electric scooter is turned on, several phases and parts come into play to initiate and control its operation. Here is the typical order of phases and parts in the startup process:
Power On Phase
The rider activates the power button, turning on the electric scooter.
This initial step in the startup process is analogous to turning the key in a traditional ignition system.
The power button serves as the gateway to the electric scooter's electrical system, setting the entire sequence of operations into motion.
Battery Check
The electric scooter's system checks the battery status.
Battery management system assesses the charge level and health of the battery.
A crucial aspect of this phase is ensuring that the scooter has sufficient power to operate optimally.
Diagnostic processes may occur at this stage to identify any issues with the battery, such as low charge or potential malfunctions.
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Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Activation
The ECU, or control unit, initialises and begins managing the scooter's various components.
It acts as the brain of the electric scooter, orchestrating the coordination between the battery, motor, controller, and other systems.
During activation, the ECU undergoes a self-check to confirm its operational status before proceeding to control other components.
Controller Activation
The controller, responsible for regulating speed, acceleration, and braking, is activated.
It receives input signals from the rider, such as throttle and brake commands.
As the intermediary between the rider and the motor, the controller interprets user inputs and translates them into appropriate responses from the electric motor.
Motor Engagement
The electric motor is engaged to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion.
Depending on the scooter design, this could involve activating a hub motor, belt-driven motor, or other types of electric motors.
The motor receives signals from the controller to initiate movement, and the scooter begins to come to life.
Acceleration
The rider applies the throttle, signalling the controller to increase the power supplied to the motor.
The scooter accelerates based on the rider's input.
This phase marks the transition from a stationary state to the initiation of motion, offering a smooth and controlled acceleration experience for the rider.
Regenerative Braking (if applicable)
If the scooter is equipped with regenerative braking, it may engage when the rider releases the throttle or applies the brakes.
Energy from braking is recaptured and sent back to the battery for storage.
Regenerative braking not only enhances energy efficiency but also contributes to the overall sustainability of the electric scooter.
Smart Features Activation
Intelligent features, such as connectivity to a mobile app, GPS tracking, and other smart functions, may activate.
This phase enhances the overall user experience, providing additional functionalities and insights into the scooter's performance.
Smart features contribute to the modern, interconnected nature of electric scooters, adding convenience and customization options for riders.
Riding Phase
The scooter is now in full operation, and the rider can navigate using the controls.
All components work in harmony to provide a seamless and enjoyable riding experience.
This phase encapsulates the primary purpose of the electric scooter, allowing users to efficiently and eco-consciously travel within urban environments.
Shutdown/Standby
When the rider decides to stop or turn off the scooter, the system goes into standby mode.
The scooter is ready for the next activation or may enter a power-saving state if not used for an extended period.
This final phase ensures that the scooter is prepared for future use and helps conserve battery life when not in active operation.
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What Electric Scooter System Part that, If Broken, Stops the Scooter from Operating?
Several key components are essential for the operation of an electric scooter. If any of these parts are broken or malfunctioning, the scooter may not operate properly or may not work at all. Here are the critical components:
Battery
The battery is the power source for the electric scooter. If the battery is damaged or not functioning correctly, the scooter may not have the necessary power to operate.
Electric Motor
The electric motor is responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical motion. If the motor is broken or not working, the scooter will not be able to move.
Controller
The controller regulates the speed, acceleration, and braking of the scooter.
If the controller is malfunctioning, the scooter may not respond to user inputs, affecting its overall operation.
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
The ECU serves as the central processing unit, managing communication between different components. If the ECU is faulty, it can disrupt the coordination of various systems, leading to operational issues.
Throttle/Brake Controls
The throttle controls acceleration, and the brake controls deceleration.
Malfunctions in these controls can result in an inability to accelerate or brake effectively.
Charging System/Port
If the charging system or port is damaged, the scooter may not charge properly, leading to insufficient power for operation.
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Wiring and Connectors
The wiring and connectors ensure proper communication between components.
Damaged or disconnected wiring can disrupt the flow of information, affecting the scooter's functionality.
Smart Features (if applicable)
If the scooter relies on smart features like app connectivity or GPS tracking, issues with these components may not directly prevent the scooter from moving but can impact additional functionalities and user experience.
Brake System (if non-regenerative)
In scooters without regenerative braking, the traditional brake system is crucial for stopping. If the brake system is malfunctioning, it can pose a safety risk and hinder the scooter's overall operability.
Tires and Wheels
While not directly an electrical component, the tires and wheels are critical for the scooter's physical movement. Flat tires, damaged wheels, or misalignment can impede the scooter's ability to roll smoothly.
How to Fix a Broken Electric Scooter System by oneself?
As it may happen, you may spend a lot of time finding out what actually happened to your electric scooter.
You may try to fix the problem but you found out that you have no idea what or where the problem is. Here we are mentioning five general tips and guidelines:
1- Inspect the motor
First, you can check for any disconnected or loose wires by smoothly pulling the wires one by one and try to find out if there is anything burnt or melted. But be careful, they should not be disconnected.
Try to check all wires or wire connectors that connect to the motor. Or you can smell the motor, speed controller and other electrical components.
This may happen if the coils get overheated, and there also might be damage to the speed controller due to the short circuit. If this happens you should replace the motor immediately.
2- Check the battery and charger
If the electric scooter does not run check the motor because the motor is the power source. Because excessive riding or doing stunts may cause problems.
Check the battery charger too. Connect it to the port and look for the indicator. If the indicator does not work properly change the charger and then try again.
3- Check the fuse or circuit breaker
Check the electric scooter’s fuse or the circuit breaker. The fuse may get burnt due to many reasons like- overheating, overcharging. You can check the fuse or circuit breaker by multimeter.
4- Test the throttle
Test your electric scooter’s throttle. You can use the 4.5-5V DC power source and multi-meter. Sometimes the throttle causes the problem. If you cannot use the multimeter, seek help from an expert.
If there is a problem with your throttle the multimeter will detect it. And if the problem arises you should get the throttle fixed.
5- Test power switch or key switch
If your scooter does not work try to move the power switch or key switch between the “on” and “off” position several times.
If you find that the switch is loose there may be a problem because of the switch. The problem with the switch can also be checked with the multimeter.
Within the pages of this definitive guide to e-scooters, we've embarked on a journey to demystify the inner workings of these electric wonders.
Together, we've explored the pivotal components that come together harmoniously, each with a distinct role to play, transforming your electric scooter into the awe-inspiring feat of engineering that it undeniably is.
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Through this exploration, we've unravelled the secrets behind the electric scooter's magic, shedding light on the synergy that propels you forward with every ride.
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